Japanese Cartoons as a Cultural Product Essay -- Marketing Business

The cultural harvest-feast that I will be focusing on is japanese cartoons. A to a greater extent colloquial term Manga is used when referring to such comic books. I herewith focus on Manga because of its popularity and ubiquitous nature in Japan. About 35 per cent (Allen & Sakamoto, 2006) of all publications atomic number 18 in serial and paperback formats and they are read by people of all age groups and class (Craig. J, 2000). The preponderance and popularity of such manga suggest that it may be an accurate indicator of genial norms and values in the Japanese society. This realm of the fantastic, albeit not to be taken literally in many instances, serve as metaphors for culture itself and talk about the human we live in today (Craig. J, 2000). Hence, this sophistication has allowed manga to stretch out beyond Japan to places like the other parts of Asia and the western world. As such, I find it imperative for an acute analysis of this cultural product and the crucial actor s involved in its production and consumption. To give a sketch introduction to manga, they are story-driven, (audio-) visual narratives, which deal with nearly every conceivable subject (Schodt, 1996). Visually crafted, they exemplify multifarious experiences and can potentially break out the nuances of contemporary society, like a kaleidoscope. Diverse disciplinary fields are inherent in these narratives and serve as not only icy points for modern Japan, but post-modern society as well. Manga evolved from sources like graffiti and limn scrolls in the Edo Period (1602-1868). Although prominent from the Edo outcome, it was only during the post-war period which socially deemed it as a significant form of artistic expression. Post-war small fry boomers and radical experiences of social change defined ... ...rom http//www.asianlang.mq.edu.au/japanese/documents/Bryce_Davis.pdf.Cubbison, L. (2005). Anime Fans, DVDs, and the true(p) Text. The Velvet Light Trap, no. 56, Fall. Craig, J. (2000). Japan pop Inside the world of Japanese popular culture. USA, New York M.E. Sharpe, Inc.MacWilliams, M.W. (2000). Japanese Comics and Religion Osamu Tezukas Story of the Buddha. T. J. Craig (Ed.). Armonk, N.Y M.E. Sharpe Matsui, T. (2009). Gatekeeping abroad Cultural Products The Diffusion of Japanese Comics (Manga) in the US, 1980-2006. Tokyo, Japan Hitotsubashi University.Schodt, F.L. (1996). Dreamland Japan Writings on Modern Manga. Berkeley, California Stone Bridge Press.Wong, S.Y. (2007). The front of Manga in Europe and North America. Retrieved 25 November, 2010 from http//www.rthk.org.hk/mediadigest/20070913_76_121564.html.

Othello First Impression Essay Essay

Our origin archetype of Othello comes from a conversation between Iago, Roderigo, and Brabantio. Our entropy impression of him comes from Othello himself. The first two impressions conflict greatly, the second being more(prenominal) accurate than the first. Despite the way Othello is described in the first scene, he shows himself to be quite different in the second.Our first impression of Othello comes from a conversation between Iago, Roderigo, and Brabantio. Iago speaks of Othello with contempt. From the very first scene, he bets to be a hated character. Without even mentioning Othellos name, the three men paint a picture of him as a scheming criminal who has stolen and raped Brabantios daughter. In calling Othello names same an old black impede (1.1.97), the devil (1.1.100), and a Barbary horse (1.1.125), Iago depicts Othello as evil and dirty. Brabantio announces that he would rather that Desdemona was with Roderigo than the Moor, when he says, O, would you had had her (1 .1.198). From this first scene, the audience gets a very negative impression of Othelloone that differs greatly from the second impression.In the second scene, when we actually foregather Othello, we see that he is not at all like how he was portrayed in the first scene. He is an honorable and honest man. When Iago tries to condemn him of Brabantios anger, he refuses to go into hiding, saying, Let him do his spite. My services which I have done shall out-tongue his complaints I must be found. My parts, my title, and my perfect sense shall manifest me rightly (1.2.20-37). Othello is confident in his actions and refuses to run away like a coward, having done nothing wrong. Then, when Othellos men meet up with Brabantios men, Othellos wise words prevent a bally(a) conflict. He says you shall more command with years than with your weaponsHold your handsWere it my incite to fight, I should have known it without a prompter (1.2.78-104). Obviously, from Othellos unused words and log ical actions, he is not the man that Iago, Roderigo and Brabantio made him seem to be.In conclusion, our first impression of Othello is inaccurate and inconsistent with our second impression, which actually comes from Othello himself. The first time we meet Othello, we learn that the description of him, in the first scene, was biased, racist, and incorrect. All in all, our second impression of Othello is much more received to his actual character.

Answering Questions on Keystone Corporation

Based on the Geert Hofstede Cultural Dimensions Study, there is an raspy distribution of power and wealth in the Indian society, which is generally original by the Indians as a ethnic norm (Geert Hofstede Cultural Dimensions India). Indians argon persevering, and are more receptive to unstructured ideas or occurrences, having less regulations and standards with which to suppress unexpected events (Geert Hofstede Cultural Dimensions India).Australians are generally individualists who pull in a gustatory modality for privacy (Geert Hofstede Cultural Dimensions Australia). There is a higher level of equivalence mingled with Australias tiers of society, spanning between families, organizations and even the government (Geert Hofstede Cultural Dimensions Australia).North Ameri tin cans, be to the category of United States, have one of the highest individualism traits yet have greater equality between accessible levels, and hold the highest regard for cultural differences (Geert Hofstede Cultural Dimensions United States). Americans appreciate fewer rules and do not rise to control all events and outcomes (Geert Hofstede Cultural Dimensions United States).Friction in the Keystone set-up is predictable, do up of the easy-going Indians, the individualistic Americans, and the private Australians.2. In any global confederacy that is planning to consolidate its custody, there are four global drivers for difference(a) The nature of the job itself and the opportunities for growth.Keystone has to ensure that the figure out environment is healthy with a lot of team tap, respect and camaraderie. Employees are well compensated and motivated.(b) Confidence in the companys leadership.To obtain the confidence of its workforce, a company moldiness have leaders that act and work in accordance with found company goals and visions, and earmark resources that support those values.(c) Recognition and rewardsEven though just fee and regular, earned bonuses are not exa ctly drivers, they should be conceptualized to motivate the workforce and enhance a healthy competition within the organization. Non-monetary rewards such as recognition is effective in morale-boosting within a company.(d) Organizational communicationThere should be consistent open channels of communication, wherein information is released from top anxiety in an organized and systematic way. Communication should be enhanced by dialogues, prominent and taking of feedback and an open-door policy for management. Leaders should take the initiative inthis event driver.3. Within this Global Project are two of the most contrast personalities the German and the Indian. Nevertheless, to prevent conflict in the organization, I lead well-nigh study the personas of the different races. I will focus on the similarities, and work on managing the cultural differences.The Americans and the Germans have high levels of individuality, thus I can use them for the marketing side of my Project. The Indians will be best for client service, because of their easy-going nature and lower tolerance for rules and regulations.I can similarly employ the Germans to head the finance sector of the bloodline, where strictness is appreciated. The Americans and Indians will deposit up the largest go bad of the organization, which is operations. Both have perseverance in their natures, and would easier adapt to new work environments and adjust to each other as well. The Americans and Indians would be more receptive to occasional changes in the organization, and will work well with less clash.The Indians will be on my Public Relations team, and if I could get a female for the part, the better. She will have a good disposition, perfect for traffic with clients, and would be more competitive than her male countryman.In the world we unrecorded in especially if one is operating a business &8212 fully understanding the cultural peculiarities, quirks and traits of the workforce can spell the difference between success and failure. To foster harmony in a multi-cultural organization, one must realize that even minor considerations like time may be perceived in different ways by different cultures. In most Eastern and African culture, friendship and relationships are more primal than time. Hence, one does not run away from a friend to make it on time for work. It is different in the West.It would be best to merge into the organization, team-building activities wherein employees who work in close proximity are encouraged to live each other on a more personal level. Thus, friction is minimized and mutual respect is fostered.Thus, to have an effective organization, top management must study the cultural traits of the employees, in particular, with respect to politics and diplomacy, religion, social values and cultural traditions. Though this, management can determine which areas of the business a person is best suited, and top management can also devise ways of keepin g their people happy, motivated and productive.Works CitedHofstede, Geert. Geert Hofstede Cultural Dimensions. The Netherlands1967 2003.

Analyse the Marketing Opportunities and Challenges Faced by a Selected Business When Using Internet Marketing

M2 dissect the marketing opportunities and challenges faced by a selected business when using net bunk marketing. storage locker is an American sportswear and footwear retailer, its headquarters is located in New York City. This follow originated in America but has made an world(prenominal)ist expansion buy placing stores in Europe, Canada, Asia and Australia. The cyberspace gives storage locker many opportunities to kick upstairs and promote online to a wider audience which results in more than sales and profits.Footlocker has exploded internationally and because of this, the phoner has to take into consideration the choices they make because of their international buyers. An advantage of marketing online would be immediate sales. For congresswoman, in my opinion it is easier to spy online because it is more comfort adapted to shop within the comforts of your own scale and it is easier to resolve problems when you are ordering from the country merely for internatio nal buyers, companys contrive to make sure there are procedures coiffe in place that will secure peoples depone card details preventing any troubled to be caused.Things such as the padlock and security checked tags this automatically wins over your guest because it shows that the company cares nearly the customers well(p) being. In order for cabinet to succeed internationally they have to meet to customers expectations and provide them with a grave customer service. Another prospect that the internet brings is exposure. The internet gives footlocker the opportunity to become more known and become global.Different ways that the internet could help to advertise footlocker is by advertisement banners, pop up adverts with a link that leads customers to the website of footlocker, advertisements on other companys websites. For pillow slip if you buy over ?50 worth of clothes from office because you get a 10% voucher off footlocker purchases. The internet helps these promotions t o expand even more widely.This is a positive impact because everybody likes to fork up money so by having this promotion it would interest your customer, however the prohibit is because this is only for a short period of time some customers capacity not return and only use the sale as an assuage to take interest. However a challenge that footlocker faces is other controversy with other companies. For subject JD Sports ships harvest-tides internationally just like foot locker and offers the same services like footlocker does.In certain countries JD Sports is more recognised in more European countries. A way that Footlocker could resolve this is by using a celebrity endorsement (preferably an authoritative sports person) to enhance their sales to attract a wider audience making a bigger audience aware of the organisation. A way that the internet benefits by internet marketing is by providing all the necessary information about the produce or service that the person is providi ng.Businesses are increasingly enable the customers to find out even more information about their product. For example some companies advise you how to wash certain clothes so they do not get ruined and stay preserved. Organisation strives on body structure a customer and business relationship so by maintaining this they ply to the customers needs and wants. On the other top on a customers point of view, this is a down cling because they would not be able to see or feel the product unless they purchased it first which increases product risk.Also another disadvantage of this is because the items get shipped, and if product gets to the consumer damaged the company does not have to be liable for this. marketing on the internet gives organisations the opportunity to sell to a wider market however some companies do not have the right amount of round to be able to fulfil orders on time. The company has to be well structured in order to do this. For example footlocker has incompatib le departments in order for the company to succeed by sharing the work load.They have departments such as marketing, merchandising, finance, technology and human resources. Human resources would have to analyse the employees to see whether they would have to employ more people or spend money on training people how to cope with a larger customer base. Shops are easier to have a set structure because you only have to really please your customers. On the other hand when you are marketing online you have to have many departments to deal with your customers queries.For example Footlocker provides a page on their website which answers general frequently asked questions (FAQ) if the customer experiences any type of problem, such as payment problems or economic aid using the website they provide an automated system which helps customers within 24 hours. The damaging thing about this could be that the customer does not get the unprejudiced or type of answer they were hoping for, whereas i n the shop you would be able to go up to an sales assistant to help you.

Define Self-Esteem, Including Contingencies of Self-Worth

Definitions Jennifer Crandall PSY/220 November 17, 2012 Professor Sheats Definitions Define self-confidence, including contingencies of self-worth. When might the pursuit of self-esteem be harmful to individuals? When might threats to self-esteem be helpful? egoism refers to the evaluative comp nonpareilnt of self-concept ( Baumeister, 1998 Coopersmith, 1967). This is the feelings that one gets when doing self-evaluations.It is how a person sees themselves and judges themselves. The contingencies of self-worth whitethorn be a favorable view of themselves, thinking that they are competent, likable, benignant and successful may help them to believe they are worthy and subjoin levels of self-esteem. Self-esteem may in addition be influenced by the expectations of others. The approval of others is one example of the contingencies of self-esteem.Other examples of the contingencies of self-esteem are appearance, competition, academic competence, family support, virtue and Gods love. T here is a darker side to self-esteem, people that constantly pursue fantastic levels of self-esteem have traits that are similar to those that are associated with materialism. People that strive choices based on others perceptions of them rather than what makes they happy are depriving themselves of well-being.They give up their own autonomy, intrinsic motivation, and personally expressive actions. Threats to self-esteem can also be helpful. While experience threats to self-esteem people may necessitate to come up with better coping skills than they may have antecedently possessed. By experiencing these threats, they learn to overcome obstacles in turn, they may actually raise their self-esteem by learning that they are capable of overcoming these challenges.

Deaf Culture

desen hinge uponise ending in America CAPSTONE ascertain By Heather Velez Liberal Arts Capst unrivaled LIB-495-OL010 Dr. David Weischadle April 19,2013 Abstract The utilisation of this research musical composition is to practice the study(ip) question, what is desensitise civilisation? in that respect argon common chord sub-questions that tout ensembleow for assist in effecting the study question (1) What constitutes deafen farming? (2) How has Ameri earth-closet menage Langu grow force the deafen confederation? (3) What be the study(ip) issues that be organism intercommunicate in desensitise stopping point nowadays? With these questions answer, it go a trend give a better redeing as to what deaf(p) refinement is and that it is indeed a refining.The methodology of my research is based off of meshing, books, and a evaluate. My methodology of this idea is clear and bargon(a). It was hard to find a draw of credible sources that should be employ i n this topic. A survey of one question to the full general customary in evidence to prove a point and single-valued function of this motif. G all in allaudet University website has amazing sources to occasion and excessively overhauled guide in choosing the right books/websites to do the research. In this musical composition in that location exit be a stilt of antithetical terms that go forth confuse the readers.I allow for move out the measure now to go over a hardly a(prenominal) of the terms that leave be used in this paper. * ASL (American betoken nomenclature) * deaf(p)hood ( deafen enculturation, desensitize pride) * ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act) * Bi-Bi (Bilingual-Bicultural) * conclusion (Child of desensitize Adult(s)) * NAD (National Association of the desensitise) I With my research I start out down found a lot of interesting discoveries. Not only were the books and internet research solely with the survey I conducted of one simple qu estion, what is deaf(p) grow? After requireing this question to 50 passel I hold back received some interesting answers that were precise(prenominal) surprising.This research has taught me a lot of interesting concepts and issues that ar organism faced today in the in several(predicate)(p) communities. II T suit sufficient of Contents Introduction . 1 books Review .. 3 methodological analysis .. 7 Results . 9 Summary 16 preaching of Results . . 20Work Citied . 21 III 1 Introduction In this paper I get out be discussing deaf enculturation in America. The explicate shade is always interesting and has always been debated on.When pot mobilize of deaf civilization they only consider of the lyric poem that is sh ard among the desensitise communities. provided similar early(a) socializations, desensitize destination is more(prenominal) than beneficial a spoken verbiage shargond among others. deafen socialization has been debated on in much(prenominal) that it isnt a shade and its pipe down being debated on today (Padden and Humphries). This paper is int curioed to educate others roughly desensitise polish and how it is most defiantly a culture. Most pile wear non heard of deaf(p) culture and let alone consent met mortal deaf. I accept that this paper give educate those who argon unconscious(predicate) of deaf culture and become more accepting. desensitiseness is sack outn to be abnormal in the business orb. Business professionals tend to miss read the desensitize communities because of their lack of speech and interview loss. A lot of desensitize flock in general ar looked at as someone with a get hold ofing disability or might of psychological tasks. In a professional seeting things argon by means of differently between the hear Culture and the desensitize culture. In indifferent(p) culture it is alright to wriggle off and on the lights to get e actually(prenominal)ones attention in a room this i s not okay for a hearing professional (signmedia).There is a huge gap in hunchledge among the general familiar on desensitize culture (Padden and Humphries). The way deaf(p) mess act in their daily lives may confuse others. Because the general unexclusive might think the way Deaf population act is taboo they think Deaf citizenry gravel encyclopaedism, psychological disabilities because it is not normal for 2 them. A lot of mass dont under radical how Deaf concourse have a culture and might thread assumptions that Deaf culture doesnt exist (Wilcox 2-5). My commerce is to answer that major question what is Deaf culture?There atomic number 18 likewise questions that arise such as, what constitutes Deaf culture? There be devil other questions that ar very measur satis particularory into explaining the importance of Deaf culture, which is, how has ASL (American feature terminology) wedged the Deaf community and what are the major issues that are being addressed in Deaf culture today? This topic is very authoritative to me because I was increase in the Deaf culture. My entire family is Deaf and have faced umpteen an(prenominal) an(prenominal) of these questions that hearing passel are un witting about. I feel that it is my job to educate when I have the chance to do so.By being able to educate at least one individual, I have done my job. I do not think in that respect is complete entropy out there to reach everyones sensory faculty of Deaf culture. eon investigating this topic I provide be trying to ask at least 30-50 peck Deaf and hearing, about what they think Deaf culture is. I am very curious as to how many understand Deaf culture and how many Deaf people in truth know what Deaf culture is. Deaf culture has been suppressed for many social classs that tear down the Deaf people might not know what really give ways up Deaf culture.I also what to get the Deaf peoples take on what they think are the major issues that are being dealt with today and also how they think ASL has invasioned their communities (History). I know that everyone will have a different take on these two questions and it is always interesting to see the different answers. I know that these questions and the answer that I get back will make the paper a whole lot more worth reading and misgiving from a Deaf persons perspective. 3 Deaf culture is very classical to the Deaf communities.Deaf people have for many grades fought to have their culture recognise, besides muted to this day Deaf culture is still being questioned as a culture. I hope that this paper will bespeak those who read this that there is more to hearing loss than what outfits the eyes. I hope that I am able to help others understand Deaf culture and have a new respect for the Deaf communities around us (Padden and Humphries). Literature Review Rev. Jesse L. Jackson once said, The problem is not the students do not hear. The problem is that the hearing world does not listen. In 1988, the get hold that went on at Gallaudet University, Deaf prexy Now, set off major awareness of the Deaf communities in the linked enounces. This was the beginning of what would change how people perceived the Deaf communities to be. Although, this was 25 forms ago, the Deaf communities are still trying to get the awareness out (Deaf President Now). The Deaf communities are still trying to educate the unify States that they are not to be perceived as people with disabilities and are ineffective to do much(prenominal), unless perfectly able bodies that can do just about anything and hear.With that being said, the 1988 cod at Gallaudet University paved the way for other Deaf communities in the join States to raise awareness and try to educate others which remains a difficult task to this day. With no language and no culture, there is only isolation which Deaf people will no longitudinal allow (Deaf President Now). Deaf culture has been questioned from conviction to epoch. It wasnt until the rally at Gallaudet University 25 years ago that a light was shone on hearing loss as a whole. 4 Although Deaf culture was officially recognized in 1965, people still didnt know much about it (J, Michelle).The definition of culture explained by Dictionary. com 1. The quality in a person or friendship that arises from a concern for what is regarded as smooth in arts, letters, manners, scholarly pursuits, ect. 2. That which is excellent in arts, manners, etc. 3. A circumstance form or stage of civilization, as that of certain nation or period Greek culture. 4. Development or improvement of the mind by education or training. 5. The Behaviors and beliefs characteristic of a particular brotherly, ethnic, or age group the youth culture the medicine culture. (dictionary. com) The debate still is whether or not Deaf citizens have a culture.Given the definition above of what constitutes a culture, Deaf culture consists of all of these. The Deaf culture in America, like many other cultures, have a shared language American firm lyric poem (ASL) (Padden and Humphries). ASL is used for Deaf people to communicate with one another(prenominal) and also to communicate with hearing people who know of the language. ASL is a visual/gestural language there is no vocal grammatical constituent to the language. ASL is not a world-wide language, but other countries do have their own signed languages such as Italian mark spoken communication, and British Sign Language (J,Michelle).The use of ASL shares an identification and unity with other Deaf members in communities. Dr. Barbara Kannapel has observed Deaf communities to understand their values, rules, and traditions. She has close upd the following Deaf communities are supporters of the 5 primary sense of vision for communication at take aim, in their homes, and in their communities (About American). They value the Deaf children that enter the world as the future of their Deaf culture, it is important to them to have Deaf children to pass on their language.Continuation of Deaf culture goes through the traditions of their films, folklore, poetry, literature, organizations, and schoolhouse reunions. These traditions are very important to the Deaf communities and those who have children must pass on their traditions, otherwise they will be judged at bottom their communities (About American). Deaf culture has been looked at as unequivocal because most of their language, ASL, cannot be translated into face. Even though Deaf culture has been moderately ac intimacyd, the Deaf people are still fighting to be recognized and respected (J, Michelle).ASL is a complete and refined language. ASL contains its own grammar, culture, and syntax. The standardized Sign Language can date back in the early seventeen hundreds which supports the ASLs origins. ASL isnt a written form of language and cannot be written into face. When translating ASL it is in all different from the English language (J, Michelle). Abbe de lEpee was from Paris and substantial the Old French Sign Language in his Deaf school in 1754 (History). This was the number 1 time that Deaf individuals had a school they could meet and allowed to learn. This was the project work in the making for ASL.Meanwhile, in America, fumblethas vineyard the take rate of Deaf people where astonishingly high. The Deaf people that lived in Marthas Vineyard had a genetic code that caused deafness at birth. While there were so many Deaf people spiritedness in the area the Marthas Vineyard Sign Language (MVSL) was bring ond and used in so many households that had Deaf members. Another big man 6 named, doubting doubting Thomas Hopkin Gallaudet is accredited for the promotion of signing methods in America. He later partnered up with Dr. Mason Cogswell to research methods for Deaf children in Europe (History).Once Thomas had reached American the first Deaf school was capable in 1817, American chancel for the Deaf and Dumb. It was at this very school that ASL was born and where all different Sign Languages could influence the making of ASL. today this school is now know as, American School for the Deaf. The children that discovered this school later graduated and locomote on to opening their own Deaf schools in the united States, influencing the language to thousands of Deaf children and adults. American Sign Language wasnt always original and had some difficult time being accepted in spite of appearance society. scrawny the end of the 1800s the use of oralism was imposed on the Deaf. He didnt retrieve that ASL was a language that should be used. He believed the Deaf were being lazy and could learn to speak. With this movement it had hindered the growth of ASL in many Deaf communities across America. Deaf individuals couldnt use their detainment to communicate anymore and had to try their go around at speaking for what they wanted. This entirely crushed the e ducation and language they were destine to have. They no protracted could understand anyone let alone themselves, no language meant isolation (History).Carol Padden and gobbler Humphries are co-authors of the book Inside Deaf Culture. In chapter 6, they show the similarities with the past noneffervescent films to the modern day silent Deaf theater. There is no end at heart the two but for some reason with the modern society that we live in, its taboo for silent Deaf theater. People do not 7 understand Deaf people in general enough to understand and appreciate the Deaf theater. Deaf theater is part of Deaf culture, when learning the language you have to be able to show gestures which are used in silent films and Deaf theater (Padden and Humphries 123-143).Deaf people have been pushed in so many different directions with so many people making changes on what they should be doing. The bottom line is no language and no culture there is only isolation which the Deaf people will no longer allow. With all of these milestones in the history of the Deaf culture, there is only more to come. Abbe de lEpee was a great man that gave a voice to those Deaf people who were silenced by their communities (About American). With the help of Thomas Gallaudet, Gallaudet University would have never set off the major awareness about deafness to America.Gallaudet University was the place that paved the way for many Deaf Americans to stand up and educate those around them of their language and culture (Deaf President Now). Methodology This research paper is on the topic of Deaf culture in America. The major question that I will be researching is what is Deaf culture? This paper will also be exploring these sub-questions in frame to conclude the research paper what constitutes Deaf culture, how has American Sign Language impacted the Deaf community, and what are the major issues that are being addressed in Deaf culture today?This topic is very expounded and so many unexplored ar eas. There will be a few different ways in researching this project. There will be a survey asking the general public and Deaf communities a simple question of, what is 8 Deaf culture. This question will allow me to be able to show the major differences between the two different communities. This research will also be using the Gallaudet University website to do most of my research. With the help of Gallaudet University website, other sources were found. Gallaudet has done so much research on topics today that Deaf communities are facing and also on Deaf culture.Gallaudet is the best source to receive and find information on this topic and very reliable. I will be answering the following sub-questions 1. What Constitutes Deaf Culture? Using the dictionary. com for definition of culture shows what is involved within a culture. This definition will better show the trustworthy meaning of culture and show that Deaf culture is indeed a culture. Knowing the definition will help others un derstand Deaf culture. There will be a one question survey asking a mixture of Deaf and hearing people this question to get an idea as to how many know about Deaf culture or the definition of culture. . How has American Sign Language impacted the Deaf community? Looking through the history from signgenius. com, will give a better understand how American Sign Language has impacted the Deaf communities. Gallaudet University has also published an name called About American Deaf Culture which gives you an insight on the impact it has caused. 3. What are the major issues that are being addressed in Deaf culture today? 9 Gallaudet University archives will be assisting in answering this question and also the National Association for the Deaf.This question will have a long list of items, but this paper will be touching upon the most important topic of today. Once all of these sub-questions are answered, the goal is to get the general public to understand the Deaf community better and under stand the meaning of Deaf culture. This research in hope will make others more interested in researching more on their own and answer more of their questions. I have already embark oned to ask questions to the general public and to Deaf communities as I go along. I am collecting my answers and putting them into similar answered piles to make up some patient of of percentage I could use in my paper.I am also researching the Gallaudet University archives for facts on each topic. I will be using the facts I find from Gallaudet University and from the questions that were answered by the people to assert my findings in my paper. Results This paper is intended to answer the major question, what is Deaf culture? This question is also followed by three sub-questions to help answer my major question. (1) What constitutes Deaf culture? (2) How has American Sign Language impacted the Deaf community? (3) What are the major issues that are being addressed in Deaf culture today?These sub-quest ions will also in the end answer many other questions that might arise when reading this paper. The envision is to educate others who are unaware of this topic. Culture has been defined in a way that many believe deafness couldnt possibly be 10 in its own category of culture (J, Michelle). This paper will be explaining that Deaf culture is indeed a true culture and should be respected just as much as other cultures. What Constitutes Deaf Culture? In sight to answer this first question, what constitutes Deaf culture, we need to first look at the definition of culture.The definition is explained by Dictionary. com 1. The quality in a person or society that arises from a concern for what is regarded as excellent in arts, letters, manners, scholarly pursuits, ect. 2. That which is excellent in arts, manners, etc. 3. A particular form or stage of civilization, as that of certain nation or period Greek culture. 4. Development or improvement of the mind by education or training. 5. The B ehaviors and beliefs characteristic of a particular social, ethnic, or age group the youth culture the drug culture. provided like any culture in the world, Deaf culture consists of social beliefs, values, behaviors, literary traditions, and art which are explained above in the definition (About American). A Deaf house hold will have the same way of communication and how they are able to live within a hearing world. Flashing lights will be the first thing noticed within a Deaf house hold. They flash their lights to get attention of another family member or their alarms, doorbell, and telephone are connected to some kind of flashing device. American Sign Language (ASL) is also shared within the Deaf culture.This language is very important to the way they communicate. This language is very visual 11 and abstract, its important to have every detail laid out in the language in found for a Deaf person to understand what is being said (Padden and Humphries 123-126). ASL shares no resemb lance to English grammatically it doesnt share any aspect of English in any way broken, gestural or even mimed. English uses the subject-object-verb while ASL uses topic-comment syntax. Sign language has been developed specific to their communities and isnt universal (Nakamura).There are also small communities set up all over for Deaf people to come together and share information or just to have great conversations. These communities are very important to the Deaf culture because there are not a lot of Deaf people living in one area, in put to meet and learn information from each other they have little communities set up and have monthly gatherings. These communities are much like the ones you will find in small villages and tribes but in large industrial societies (Wilcox 2-5). How has American Sign Language Impacted the Deaf Community?To start out with answering this question I would like to give a little background on ASL just so there is a more catch as to what ASL is and how it impacted the Deaf communities in America. ASL is a complete and refined language. ASL contains its own grammar, culture, and syntax. The standardized Sign Language can date back in the early seventeen hundreds which supports the ASLs origins. ASL isnt a written form of language and cannot be written into English. When translating ASL it is completely different from the English language (J, Michelle).Abbe de lEpee was from Paris and developed the Old French Sign Language in his Deaf school in 1754. This was the first 12 time that Deaf individuals had a school they could attend and allowed to learn. This was the frame work in the making for ASL. Meanwhile, in America, Marthas Vineyard the birth rate of Deaf people where astonishingly high. The Deaf people that lived in Marthas Vineyard had a genetic code that caused deafness at birth. While there were so many Deaf people living in the area the Marthas Vineyard Sign Language (MVSL) was created and used in so many households that had Deaf members (History).Another great man named, Thomas Hopkin Gallaudet is accredited for the promotion of signing methods in America. He later partnered up with Dr. Mason Cogswell to research methods for Deaf children in Europe. Once Thomas had reached American the first Deaf school was opened in 1817, American Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb. It was at this very school that ASL was born and where all different Sign Languages could influence the making of ASL. Today this school is now known as, American School for the Deaf.The children that attended this school later graduated and moved on to opening their own Deaf schools in the United States, influencing the language to thousands of Deaf children and adults. American Sign Language wasnt always accepted and had some difficult time being accepted within society. Near the end of the 1800s the use of oralism was imposed on the Deaf. Linguist believes that ASL wasnt a language that should be used. They believed the Deaf were being lazy and could learn to speak. With this movement it had hindered the growth of ASL in many Deaf communities across America.Deaf individuals couldnt use their hands to communicate anymore and had to try their best at speaking for what they wanted (History). This completely crushed the education and language they were destined to have. They no longer could understand anyone let alone 13 themselves, no language meant isolation. With this isolation came frustration. They were looked at as disabled and unable to function. No one thought anything of a Deaf person, they pushed them in the back of the classrooms and allowed them to sit there all day until school was finished (History). What are the study Issues within the Deaf Community Today?There is one major issue that is hitting home for just about all Deaf communities in America. Deaf schools are closing throughout the entire United States. There were 63 Deaf schools in the United States that is no longer the case (U. S. State). Currentl y there are about 12 different Deaf schools in the United States that are in jeopardy of closing, 9 of these schools are in New York alone. The cause of these schools closing is the proposal of legal transfer money for each state. These schools are government funded even though they are private schools. The government officials are trying to cut down reckon by closing these schools.They are also proposing that these students from the Deaf school attend the mainstream schools that are in their area. They think its as simple as that but it really isnt. It is hard for a Deaf student to get an interpreter that is willing to diaphragm throughout the entire school year with them (NAD). The advantages of a Deaf school are the following 1. Exposure to Deaf culture. Children who are sent to Deaf schools are exposed to the culture and language. It is important that they are exposed to understand who they are and to provide self-esteem. 2. The environmental learning that surrounds the child ren is essential to their 4 language. Communication is very vital to any person in the world, being able to speak the same language in school provide a better learning experience. 3. Deaf schools continue children from falling into education and social gaps. They are able to learn important life s charges just like every other child. 4. Deaf schools that are closed translate into job losses for those that are Deaf teachers. These Deaf teachers are less likely to be hired into a public school ( leave office Closing). Another issue has also risen in the year of 2003. This may not be an issue for the general public but it has become an issue for the Deaf communities.Before explaining this I do want to take the time to share the true passion the Deaf have for their culture. It is true that many Deaf people wouldnt do anything to change their life, such as being able to hear. They love and accept who they are and caress their Deafness and their culture (J, Michelle). With that being sa id, scientists have been able to identify 30,000 genes that make up the human being, this also including genes that cause Deafness. In the mix of all of the new findings colleges and universities all over were starting to offer American Sign Language courses.American Sign Language courses are among the fifteen most fashionable taught languages across the United States. With this genetic information doctors and scientists are approaching their goal in being able to identify and correct the gene for Deafness. With this opening move it will most likely eliminate Deafness and American Sign Language. This is a big blow to most Deaf communities across the United States because their culture is very precious to them (Padden and Humphries 163- 15 166). They are not spirit to be corrected they are looking to be understood by others.This is causing a lot of doctors to do more examinations of them instead of understanding them at all. Deaf people do not want to be looked at as some kind of science experiment. Each year there are thousands of Deaf children that are getting implanted with a cochlea implant this helps the eardrum to react to sound. With these implants they hinder the learning process of language because these children are not taught ASL, they are forced to talk instead. These implants are also a big problem when it comes to needed an MRI or even a lifesaving defibrillator.An MRI or defibrillator could cause the implant to explode and kill the person instantly (163-166). From the above questions stated, there is much to research and so many more questions that may arise. With the research presented in this chapter, the conclusion is jolly vague but is the building block of what to come in the future(a) chapters of this paper. Again to reinstate the meaning of the word culture once over again culture consists of social beliefs, values, behaviors, literary traditions, and art (J, Michelle). Deaf culture also has the same categories that are stated above. Survey A survey was conducted by myself of 50 different people. This was only a one question survey, what is Deaf culture? The survey was with 25 people from the general public and 25 people from the Deaf communities. Its important to have asked the same question to the Deaf communities because not every Deaf person were exposed to the Deaf culture or even use American Sign Language (J, Michelle). The results of this survey are 16 20 people answered with, Deaf culture? Is there such a thing? 5 people answered with, Deaf culture? I never heard of it. people answered with, A group of people, conflux together once a month. 10 people answered with, Deaf culture is when history and traditions are shared and passed down to the next generations. 10 people answered with, Traditions, history, stories, and beliefs are passed down and shared with Deaf families. Having Deaf children passes down these traditions that are shared. Some of these answers have the full idea of what Deaf cultu re is and others are unaware of Deaf culture. This goes to show that there are a lot of people out there that do not know what Deaf culture is or even that it exist.I hope that this paper will create curiosity and learn more about it. Summary There is a huge gap in knowledge among the general public on Deaf culture (Padden and Humphries). The way Deaf people act in their daily lives may confuse others. Because the general public might think the way Deaf people act is taboo they think Deaf people have learning, psychological disabilities because it is not normal for them. The purpose of this paper is to educate others that are unaware of the Deaf culture here in America (J, Michelle). Education is power and once people understand more, they are more accepting.The major question is what is Deaf culture? In revision to make this a 17 successful paper and to be able to answer this question there are the following sub- questions. (1) What constitutes Deaf culture? (2) How has American S ign Language impacted the Deaf community? (3) What are the major issues that are being addressed in Deaf culture today? These sub-questions help understand and answer the major question. Research wasnt only based on internet, books, and journals I also took it upon myself to question 50 people. The question that was asked is what is Deaf culture?When asking this question I have found some interesting answers and it also supports the purpose of researching this paper. The methodology of this paper is clear and simple. Finding a lot of credible sources satisfies my research paper and also having a one question survey to the general public and Deaf communities in order to support the purpose of this paper. The Gallaudet University website has amazing sources to use and also helped guide in choosing the right books/websites to do this research. Gallaudet also gets a lot of their research and studies from these two authors, Carol Padden and Tom Humphries.These two authors are very knowle dgeable in Deaf culture and how the communities are pull back they have taken the time to study the Deaf communities in order to write their books. What really motivated me to do this research is a acknowledgment from Rev. Jesse L. Jackson, The problem is not the students do not hear. The problem is that the hearing world does not listen. (Deaf President Now) This quote is sums up the realization that the general public in America are unaware of Deafness and the culture that Deaf people share. In 1988, the ally that went on at Gallaudet University, Deaf President Now, set off major awareness of the Deaf communities in the United States. This was the beginning of what would 18 change how people perceived the Deaf communities to be. Although, this was 25 years ago, the Deaf communities are still trying to get the awareness out. The Deaf communities are still trying to educate the United States that they are not to be perceived as people with disabilities and are unable to do much, but perfectly able bodies that can do just about anything but hear (Deaf President Now).With all my research I want to be able to share a brief abridgment as to how I was able to answer these sub-questions I created in order to answer the major question. My research was pretty extensive and it took some time to break it down enough to give a direct answer to each sub-question. What Constitutes Deaf Culture? Dictionary. com has provided the definition of culture in order to answer the important question, what is Deaf culture? Giving the definition of culture is a great base to start off of. Being able to understand the definition will give a better understanding of how Deaf culture fits in the same criteria of any culture.Deaf culture has been tough by many as to whether it was considered a culture or not. Just by putting the definition of culture and explaining all the theatrical roles that make up a culture and how Deaf culture has the same components, already answers the major question but its still only half the answer. I have also asked a single question to 50 people on what they thought Deaf culture was. This also supported the fact that the general public is not knowledgeable in this topic. 19 How has American Sign Language Impacted the Deaf Community?Carol Padden and Tom Humphries have extensive knowledge about Deaf communities and how the impact of American Sign Language has made on Deaf communities. In order to answer this question, it required a brief history review. In order to understand how hard it was for the Deaf to communicate without sign language I believe gives another perspective on how important American Sign Language is to the Deaf communities. Also This helps answers the first sub-question by adding that American Sign Language is part of their culture because its a language that is shared throughout the communities and will be passed down to the generations to come.What are the Major Issues within the Deaf Community Today? The NAD (Na tional Association for the Deaf) has been reporting on the major issues in the Deaf communities. As of the present day there are not enough Deaf schools around. This is a major problem because language skills, social skills, and the exposure the children get to their culture are very important (NAD). These schools are being shut down due to the fact there is very little knowledge as to how important these schools are to the Deaf communities. This topic is very important to mention because it also answers my first and second sub-questions.This issue shows how important it is to lay aside American Sign Language along with their culture. Children in this generation are having a hard time with being able to be exposed to the Deaf culture because these schools are unable to be open to provide this exposure. In order for schools to stay open the government has to be educated in Deaf culture and their language. Without the knowledge they will continue to make these devastating decisions ( Stop Closing). 20 Discussion of Results With this research I have found that the knowledge about Deaf culture in general is very minimal within the United States.We are aware of Deafness but we are not aware of the culture and the language that represents these people. In the books by Carol Padden and Tom Humphries, they essentially summed up how misunderstood the Deaf communities are. Deaf communities are look at as being disabled and in need of help when that is far from the facts. With this paper and the resources I have provided in it will hopefully motivate others to look more into this topic and educate themselves about Deaf culture. With the three sub-questions that I have choose, (1) What constitutes Deaf culture? 2) How has American Sign Language impacted the Deaf community? (3) What are the major issues that are being addressed in Deaf culture today? I believe I have answered them all in detail and they all strongly support and answer my major question what is Deaf cult ure? In conclusion to this paper, I believe it is safe to say that with more knowledge in this topic the Deaf communities will be able to preserve their culture and be understood more as individual Americans. Deafness is not a weakness it is just a miss component to the five senses. Deafness shouldnt be considered a disability but as an opportunity. 1 Work Cited About American Deaf Culture. Gallaudet University . N. p.. Web. 2 Mar 2013. http//www. gallaudet. edu/clerc_center /information_and_resources/info_to_go /educate_children_(3_to_21) /resources_for_mainstream_programs /effective_inclusion/including_deaf_culture /about_american_deaf_culture. html. American Sign LanguageHistory. SignGenius. N. p.. Web. 3 Mar 2013. http//www. signgenius. com /american-sign-language/american- sign-language-history. shtml. Deaf President Now. Gallaudet University . N. p.. Web. 2 Mar 2013. http//www. gallaudet. du /Gallaudet_University/About_Gallaudet /DPN_Home/Impact. html. J, Michelle. Deaf Cul ture Uncovered. Articlesbase (2008) n. pag. Web. 2 Mar 2013. http//www. articlesbase. com/languages-articles /deaf-culture-uncovered-612047. html. NAD Action Alert restrain State Schools for the Deaf. National Association of the Deaf. N. p. , 16 FEB 2011. Web. 3 Apr 2013. http//www. nad. org/news/2011/2/nad-action- 22 alert-preserve-state-schools-deaf. Nakamura, Karen. About American Sign Language. Deaf Resource Library. N. p. , 13 Jul 1995. Web. 3 Apr 2013. lthttp//www. deaflibrary. org/asl. html Padden, Carol, and Tom Humphries. Inside Deaf Culture. Cambridge, Massachusetts Harvard University Press, 2005. Print. Stop Closing Schools for the Deaf. Deaf Think Tank. N. p. , 27 Sep 2012. Web. 3 Apr 2013. http//deafthinktank. org/stop-closing-schools -for-the-deaf/. U. S. State Residential Schools for the Deaf. Deaf Education. N. p. , n. d. Web. 3 Apr 2013. http//www. deafed. net /PageText. asp? hdnPageId=105. Wilcox, Sherman. American Deaf Culture An Anthology. Burtonsville, Mar yland Linstok Press, 1989. 2-5. Print.

Blogging Digital Media And Society Series Essay

Jill pushchair Rettberg immature edition Blogging digital media and society series slew be exposit as a key adjudge in an rising field. Blogging has tell apart to be associated as a landmark in the reliable tender cyber studies and even more. Blogging is all about the way todays favourite refinement has incur an important element in large order of magnitude qualifys in how coating is produced. With her harbor, Jill digs into the deep and broad of intercommunicateging to give the endorser the real meaning of what is involved in blogging as the evidence and driver of a shift in epochal culture (Rettberg, 2014).Jills expertness in ensuring that she r for each matchlesses out to the right audience and puts the points on blogging across is intensify by experience. Being a prolific blogger herself, Jill expends her experience as a blogger in pointing out the mingled issues to her audience. Jill alike utilizes examination which is enhanced by use of an experts eye of a communications research worker with experience to reveal the historical, psychological, social and political meaning of the blogging initiative. Borrowing from discordant disciplines, it is evident of her true understanding on the blogging issue and its impact. The other backbreaking point in her writing is the fact that she brings and uses various disciplines such as media studies, marketing, ethnology, literary studies, sociology and journalism into an excellent exploratory framework (Rettberg, 2014).Jills book expands blogging into a wider context of the decline in print culture to the emerging trends. The updated and revised edition provides a good study of the now each and every day phenomenon placing it in a theoretical, contemporary and historical context. The use of the most recent of the researches and developments in the blogging world is taken care of with an psychoanalysis of the new tools for optical blogging and micro blogging (Rettberg, 2014).In the book, Jil l discusses the changing trends where in the current times blogs are being integrated into the mainstream social media ecology. This helps to show the re earner the direction the blogging element is taking in the formation and continuation of pop culture. Jill notes that the comments and the links from social networking sites such as Twitter and Facebook have become more important than networks between blogs which was important five years ago. Jill also disbeliefs the new trend where in that location is a shift towards increased bodily control and commercialization of blogs (Rettberg, 2014).The cultural shift has also seen its share of specify from blogging as Jill illustrates using examples. Jill delves into the analysis of how the current smart phones equipped with cameras together with the social media has led to the shift towards more emphasis on the visual aspects in the blogs with the use of graphics and photographs being in the foreground. Jill puts in a convincing ana lysis of how blogging together with related genres have come to change the world of communication and media (Rettberg, 2014).The design of the book is in such a way that each of the chapters is a self-sufficient review of areas in blogging which makes the building repetitive across the work. The book is more suitable for beginners or anyone with an evoke in blogging as Jill puts the chapters in a loose connection to blogging. though Jill has borrowed from many disciplines to help the commentator in understanding the different aspects of blogging, there is both(prenominal) diversion, however when the discussion shifts from blogging as a phenomenon into the related and confluent forms like the social networking sites. there are lengthy discussions of the various sites such as MySpace and Facebook which though put with the right intention in mind, they do not achieve this as there is no clear participation to the reader how this relates to the overall topics (Rettberg, 2014).Wal kers work begins by tackling the question of what a blog is. She starts with an introduction to the history of online text based communication. She whence moves on to the development of blogging tools such as Blogger. Walker develops a element understanding of material aspects in blogging. An interesting section also discusses blogs as genre and medium which is a distinction that is not addressed flat most of the time. In From Bards to Blogs, Walter takes the discussion on the blogging place within media culture and the shift from one-to- many towards many-to- many. Walter positions the internet as a counterpoint to Platos complaint of a written text being unresponsive. Walker shares the view that there is potential for interactivity between authors of blog posts, the blog post itself and the reader in blog comments (Rettberg, 2014).Also of particular interest is the chapter Citizen Journalist? where Walker puts her focus on the three ways in which blogging intersects with tradit ional journalism. There are bloggers acting as journalists, the bloggers who report on mainstream media and the bloggers giving first-hand reports on ongoing events. Walker goes ahead to discuss bloggers as the chance to understand big historical events. Her example of Kaye D. Trammell account on Hurricane Katrina is meant to show how blogs can be used as sources of information by both the humanity and mass media however understudied. This is an avenue that can be used for time to come works in blogging (Rettberg, 2014).Walker also discusses how blogs have expanded to various forms of narratives in Blogs as narratives She gives an account of the three forms of narratives namely the goal-oriented narrative, ongoing chronicle and fragmented narratives. In the same chapter she evaluates the ways in which blogs can be used as a means of self exploration with one discovering their strengths and what they can do best to contribute to the society (Rettberg, 2014).Walker finishes the boo k off with a review of the future of blogs and the future of social media. In the chapter, Walker also touches on the use of language, privacy government entryway and control each of which one gets the feeling that they could be well cover in a different book each on its own. An sum of some scholarly works using quantitative methods would have added some balance to the various discussions such as the one on protypical blog and blogger. Another limitation in Walkers book is that there is a small number of scholarly works cited on bloggers and blogging (Rettberg, 2014).In general Walker provides a popular view on blogging culture and blogs and steers away from in-depth analysis and critical discussion. The text however is a good introductory resource for both non-academic and academic audiences (Rettberg, 2014).ReferenceRettberg, J. W. (2014). Blogging.Source muniment

Wahaha Case Study

disbelief 1 What outside(a) st prisegy and modes of initiation did COKE/PEPSI use to get across the Chinese Market? How effective were these choices? When Chinese commercializes opened up in 1980s, nose locoweeddy/Pepsi focussed on defining several strategies to Differentiate, Market and hand their pot yields to Chinese consumers. worldwide Differentiation schema Both use two main aspects of this strategy gradeing and Cost Leadershipto press topical anesthetic producers to assume from the market or establish joint ventures with them.They invested to a not bad(p) extent in Brand recognition and utilise much of publicize and sponsoring to have got their low-d possess cross outs. They replicated their global rivalry in china and ab initio were immovcap adequate to(p) to seize market sh ar from domestic help cola producers, even at the cost of profitability. Later, bump instituted the G local anaesthetic strategy which means Think Local, act local but levera ge global but Pepsi instituted its localisationing on unexampled consumers. International market Strategy nose candy spent heavily on Marketing to create a sound crack image and include Chinese ethnic icons wish well windmills and dragons in its advertising.Local films and sports stars were engaged, sponsored National soccer teams and International Olympic Committee as well with funding up to $1. 1 Billion for Beijing Games. Pepsi also used a great plenty of Marketing like using popular venturetainers such(prenominal) as Faye Wang, Guo Fuchen as endorsers. Pepsi became the close popular soft drink brand for young consumers repayable to its focussed Marketing for this demographics. International Distribution Strategy Both like to establish their own statistical distribution networks piece of music setting up sum Ventures with bottlers and bottlers managing gross revenue in their assign territory.They set stringent gross sales targets for bottlers, and in turn bottl ers would set targets for distributors. While in most of the joint ventures, light speed did not have bulk share belongings but Pepsi sought a majority share in the joint ventures. Global vs. International Strategy reversal/Pepsi both adduceed a global image and mathematical product offerings with a unvoiced level of standardization in terms of crop quality, predilection and mark but adapted their selling strategies as per local market.For Example, century has taken the think local, act local approach and localized their marketing activities to be in sync with Chinese consumers. They sponsored National Youth association football team and also extended their sponsorship for Beijing Games to create a perceive of belonging among the end consumers. International Collaborative Strategy Both atomic number 6/Pepsi did collaboration with local Chinese companies and set up joint Ventures which helped them picture cultural, political, agonistic and economic differences among v arious provinces in chinaware.They were also successfully able to reach end consumers through local companies and create accurate node profiles which helped them understand complexities in Chinese market. International Diversification Strategy Product diversification strategy entails any modification of a current product that serves to expand its potential. Product diversification is different from product development such that it involves creating a new customer mingy, which expands the market potential of the original product. reverse/Pepsi used this strategy quite effectively to widen their customer base and target new segments.They launched several local products specific to Chinese needs and culture and did marketing in focalised manner. For Example Coke launched sharp Maid Pulpy Super Milky drink and the Sprite Tea drink and both have been regional hits. Both drinks have been true out by the research and development unit in chinaware. These strategic choices made by Pepsi/Coke were quite effective in china as they had successfully implemented them in early(a) countries and both companies gained combine market share of 71% in Chinese genus skunk market by 2000. incredulity 2 What resources, capabilities and make outncies enabled Wahaha to fence successfully against Coke and Pepsi when most other local Chinese soft drink manufacturers had failed? Wahaha was able to successfully compete against Coke and Pepsi due to these factors Wahahas Leadership Wahaha Group was managed by Zong Qinghou who had a great vision and deep intimacy of markets and consumers in various regions. He had 20 years of sales experience in Chinese outlandish markets and Wahaha launched Future sess in boorish areas first which was untapped.Wahahas Marketing Marketing, research and development (R&D) and logistics management were centralized at headquarters, while the subsidiaries were engaged in labor. Wahahas marketing was clearly home bad and pitched the produ ct as a Chinese sess creating a sense of patriotism among end consumers. Wahahas Advertising Wahahas advertising targeted the mass market, and not just the wealthier urban consumers. The prices of its products were usually lower than those of interchangeable products from its multinational competitors.They spent half of their advertising on CCTV which had huge homespun c all overage and credibility among consumers. Wahahas Distribution Network Wahaha had developed anomalous relationships with distributors over last 10 years and was able to quickly free its products, reaching even remote corners of china within days. Wahaha established offices in more than 30 provinces with sales staff co-ordinating operations with the distributors.Wahaha JVs and Acquisitions In order to obtain world class production engine room and survive competition from both local and multinational companies, Wahaha chose to partner with cut giant Groupe Danone and both established several production or iented joint Ventures(JVs) which resulted into revenues and profits growing more rapidly. Wahaha also made several acquisitions such as loss making companies which were larger but poorly managed and it back up geographic expansion and production in local provincial markets.Wahahas R&D Wahaha co-operated with R&D institutes and wind domestic flavor producers to ensure that its cola would be of a tall quality and conducted thousands of taste tests worldwide. Its taste was designed to be close to international colas, but a little bit sweeter and stronger to cater to the Chinese consumers taste. Wahahas Production Unlike Multinational companies, Wahaha had set up its own bottling plants as subsidiaries which allowed it great flexibility and also opened 68 production lines over China in various provinces.Wahahas Competitive Edge The humongousgest competitive advantage which Wahaha had over Coke/Pepsi is that being a local connection it understands the Chinese culture divers ity pretty well and also their funny relationship with distributors in even remote parts of China. They identified the fortune in countrified markets which was untapped by big multinationals and advertised heavily on local TV Channels, especially CCTV to create a lusty Brand image in minds of Chinese consumers.Above all, since Wahaha had successfully sold more products like bottled water, flavoured milks, childrens nutritious drinks before launching Future pot so it had enough experience, network and capital to support its Marketing, advertising expenses unalike other local Chinese soft drink manufactures who failed. QUESTION 3 What were the relative Strengths & Weaknesses of the three competitors in the Chinese gage state of war? Strengths WeaknessCoke International ExperienceStrong presence in urban areasExcellent sales force Huge capital to support price warsWide Range of productsIncreased local market knowledge Weak Rural presenceCross territory sales by distributors Rivalry with Pepsi Pepsi International ExperiencePopular among young consumersProven Strategy in other marketsStrong hold on main cities Weak Rural presence phrase Venture conflictsRivalry with Coke Wahaha Understanding Chinese Culture DiversityRelationship with distributors in clownish areas68 Production lines over ChinaJoint Venture with DanonePricing flexibility due to production by own subsidiariesChinas own Cola Week attendees in main citiesSales forceWahaha makems to be winning the Cola war if they build on the strategies and implement them successfully in urban areas as well where multinationals have strong presence and also run cheer their current market share in hoidenish areas. some other reason why Wahaha seems to be winning over because it has branded its products as Chinas own Cola Made in China products and which resulted into a sense of belonging and inscription among the Chinese consumers and it can be successfully implemented in big cities like Beijing, Hong Kong as well. QUESTION 4 Describe the Competitive Strategies and Tactics each federation (Wahaha/Coke/Pepsi) used to gain Market Share in China.Did any participation appear to be winning the cola war? Support your answer. We can describe the competitive Strategies and Tactics used by each company to gain market share using Porters v Force model. Industry Rivalry When Chinese markets opened up in 1980s, Coke and Pepsi invested heavily in Brand recognition and used lots of advertising and sponsoring to support their cola brands. They replicated their global rivalry in China and initially were determined to seize market share from domestic cola producers, even at the cost of profitability. They either forced local producers to withdraw from the market or establish joint ventures with them.Wahaha decided to target the rural market first because it knew and understood this market, and because it was not the focus of Coca Cola and PepsiCo. It focussed on the mass market of 1. 1 billion good deal in rural areas. Suppliers Pepsi and Coke preferred to establish their own distribution networks while setting up Joint Ventures with bottlers and bottlers managing sales in their assigned territory. They set stringent sales targets for bottlers, and in turn bottlers would set targets for distributors. They used this model successfully in many countries. Their bottlers will map all place where their products can be sold and create one of them most accurate customer profiles.Coke had 28 bottling plans with Joint ventures (Minority shareholding) but Pepsi had 16 bottling plans with Joint ventures (Majority shareholding). Bottlers had little Supplier Power since they were into joint ventures with Coke and Pepsi. Wahaha did not had any suppliers since it had set up its own bottling plants as subsidiaries which allowed it great flexibility with its sales team and resulting into more price flexibility. It had more than 40 WOS and majority holding companies in 23 provinces. Buy ers Chinese cola consumers were segmented into two full(a) areas urban and rural, while urban market was captured mostly by Coke and Pepsi and Wahaha had excellent rural reach due to its unique relationship with its distributors in remote parts of China.Coke target market was large population centres, rolling out its products in cities based on population with up to 85% distribution penetration, Pepsi focused on key markets and cities, youth segment and had 65% distribution penetration but increase faster than Coke. Wahaha focus initially was on smaller cities and rural areas which was yet untapped by big multinationals. Wahaha priced its products quite lower than Coke and Pepsi since rural consumers had more price predisposition than urban buyers. It spent heavily on CCTV advertising which had huge rural coverage and credibility among consumers. They did the Marketing of their products as Made in China which made consumers more loyal towards it.Pepsi/Coke made money from sale of concentrate while Wahaha made it from sale of final products due to its own subsidiaries doing production and so Wahaha had high pricing flexibility than Coke/Pepsi and was able to undercut multinationals. Potential Entrants Coca Cola and PepsiCos success against the domestic Cola producers in the early stages and their strong brand name and sales network in big cities formed a high entry barrier for new competitors. However, later Wahaha successfully competed against them due to good knowledge of Chinese culture, sound distribution network and excellent Brand focus and timely launch of quality products in rural areas which was untapped by big companies. But, still sector has high entry barriers there by resulting into limited potential entrants.Substitutes There are several substitutes to Cola like Iced Tea, Sports and Energy drinks, Non Carbonated drinks, juices, packaged water etc which pose a great challenge to Cola Industry and growing at a high rates up to 10% in comparison to 2-4% growth rate in Cola drinks. This has resulted into Coke, Pepsi and Wahaha launching several other products in these categories comfort Creation for Shareholders While Coke/Pepsi endorsed local film stars, included cultural icons in its advertising and sponsored various Chinese Sports programs to localise their marketing as per Chinese consumers but Wahaha focussed on advertising using TV Ads especially on CCTV which had huge coverage and credibility and also sponsored Soccer World Cup and spring festivals. QUESTION 5 What future strategies should Wahaha cut into to compete successfully against such large multinational enterprises?There should be a Four Step Action Plan which Wahaha should consider to compete successfully against such large multinational enterprises Step1 Wahaha need to maintain and protect its leading position in Rural market since both multinationals Pepsi/Coke are going to improve their distribution network, product offerings and further localise their Marketing to penetrate rural market. It can do it by increasing Marketing activities in rural areas and projecting its Chinese Cola brand image more comprehensively. Step2 It need to target main cities where multinationals have strong presence and fetch market share so that it can maintain its overall market share in case of downside in rural market share. Step3 It needs to explore new markets which are yet untapped fully by multinationals and are similar to Chinese ulture since it can brand its products successfully in similar manner as it did in China Step4 It needs to broaden its product line and enter into other substitutes mob like Iced Tea, Bottled water etc which are posing a threat to Cola segment by registering higher growth rates. It can also arise research on new product segments like Alcoholic drinks etc to see if market potential exists or not. Strategy Actions Protecting and maintaining leading position in Rural Market * Increase Marketing activities in rural areas( Sponsor for local events and ads) * Offer Bounce system to maintain distributors loyalty . Market Penetration * Target Main cities first where Wahaha has good record like Beijing, Hong Kong etc. Promotional campaign every quarter for Brand Recall Market Development * Expand in neighbour countries with similar Chinese culture since it can use similar marketing and branding strategies in those countries which Wahaha has successfully implemented in China. * Use the Danone JV to enter in markets where Danone has good presence. Product Development * Prepare new production line for non carbonated soft drinks since other substitutes like Iced Tea, Juices, Bottled waters are showing a higher growth rates than Cola segment. * kale Study to produce alcoholic drinks like Beer. References 1 International take & Academic Research Conference (ITARC ), 7 8th November, 2012, London. UK. on COCA-COLA International Business Strategy for Globalization 2 Porters Five Force model of Competiti on http//www. managementstudyguide. com/porters-model-of-competetion. tm 3 Cola Wars in China Case Study Analysis Source Strategy Analysis and Practice 2005 McGraw Hill Education Europe 4 Cola Wars in China The Future is Here Case Study by Nancy Dai at Richard Ivy School of Business. 5 Cola Wars UTS 21715 Strategic focussing Lecture 3 University of Technology Sydney 6 Alon, I. , Littrell, R. F. , & Chan, A. K. (n. d. ). Branding in China Global product strategy Alternatives. http//www. aabri. com/OC09manuscripts/OC09002. pdf 7 Espitia E. , Manuel and Ramires A. , Marisa The impact of product diversification strategy on the corporate performance of large Spanish firms. Spanish Economic Review Volume 4 Number 2. P. 119-137 2002.

Tiffany Case

The case In July l993 . Tiff some(prenominal)& confederation cereb step an contract with its japanese distributor, Mitsukoshi Ltd. that would fundamentally change its business in lacquer. low the wise agreement, Tiffanys wholly owned subsidiary, Tiffany& social club japan Inc. (Tiffany-Japan), assumed management responsibilities in the operation of 29 Tiffany &Company boutiques previously ope arrayd by Mitsukoshi in its blood lines and other(a) locations in Japan.Tiffany looked forward to the crude locating, as it was like a shot responsible for megs of sawhorses in inventory that it previously commute wholesale to Mitsukoshi, answering in enhanced revenues in Japan derived from higher sell determines. It was also apparent, however, that fluctuations in the hurt/dollar replacement rate would now affect the dollar value of its Nipponese gross revenue, which would be realized in yen. Since Nipponese gross revenue were large and still growing, it seemed evident much(prenominal) fluctuations lusty impact on Tiffanys future pecuniary performance. Company BackgroundFounded in tonic York in 1837,Tiffany Company was an internationally renowned- retail merchant, designer, manufacturer ,and distributor of highlife goods . The renowned blue-box guild found its initial success in fine jewelry, near notably diamonds, but had since expanded its ware line to include timepieces, china, crystal, silverware, and other luxury accessories. In the fiscal year determination January 31, l993 (FY1992), Tiffany earned $15. 7 one gazillion million million on revenues of $486. 4million and had sum summarise assets of$419. 4 million. Recent financial statements are provided in discloses 1and 2.An diachronic summary of operations is provided in Exhibit 3. After more than a century of independence, Tiffany was acquired by Avon Products, Inc. in 1979. For the next several years, Avon, a nationally door-to-door cosmetics marketer, worked to exp and Tiffanys product line to r each(prenominal) beyond its conventional affluent customer base to the larger middle market. While this diversification strategy subjected in enhanced gross revenue for Tiffany from $84million in l979to $124million in l983, operating(a) expenses as a percentage of sales grew inordinately from 34%to 43% in 1978and l983, respectively.Avon soon realized that Tiffanys traditional market niche was good different than its own and, in l984, decided to put the company up for sale. The well-nigh lovely offer came from Tiffanys own management, who agreed to buy pricker Tiffanys fair-mindedness and the Fifth Avenue interpose building for a total of $135. 5 million. In what ultimately took the form of a leveraged buyout (L B O), the ground of the deal distributed virtually all of the equity shares to three key investor bases. management ended up with 20% of total equity shares.Investcorp, the Bahrain-and London-based merchant lodge that backed manag ement in the deal, received 49. 8%of total equity shares. The third player, General Electric Credit Corporation(GECC), ended up with 25. 7%of total equity shares. 1t was by dint of an $85 million credit arrangement with GECC that management was able to refinance a substantial portionof the purchase price. The outcome of the LBO was marked by very tight free currency run away coupled with important growth potential on the horizon.After the company had formerly again become clamsable and realizing that the companys growth prospects demanded more cash than could be generated internally, in 1987,management offered Tiffany stock to the public at roughly $15 a share(ad salutaryed for a subsequent stock split). In l989,Mitsukoshi purchased l. 5 million shares of Tiffanys harsh stock from GECC. As of January31, 1993, Mitsukoshi owned approximately 14% of Tiffany stock, the largest percentage of any single institutional investor.Three other institutional investors collectively owned approximately 26% of the stock, followed by all Tiffany exe clippingive officers and directors as a group at 4. 9%. In l993, Tiffany was tog upd into three distribution transmit U. S. retail, direct marketing, and international retail. U. S. retail included retail sales in Tiffany-operated livestocks in the United States and wholesale sales to independent retailers in newton America. The l6 introduces in this channel accounted for 50% of total sales in FY 1992 forecast marketing, representing the smallest channel of distribution, consisted of corporate and catalog sales .In FY 1992, its sales represented 18% of Tiffanys total sales. International retail, which included retail sales through Tiffany-operated stores and boutiques, corporate sales, and wholesale sales to independent retailers and distributors, primarily in the utmost East and Europe, accounted for 32% of total sales in FY1992. Jewelry sales from all three channels accounted for 65% of 1993 sales, making jewelry the most significant product line. Exhibit 4 provides financial results of Tiffanys municipal and foreign operations.The past several years for Tiffany were marked by a trend of international works out, beginning in1986 when it undefendable a flagship retail store in London. Additional flagship stores were then opened in Munich and Zurich in 1987 and 1988, respectively. In 1990, the Zurich store was expanded. Stores were opened in Hong Kong at the Peninsula Hotel and at the LandmarkCenter in imperious 1988 and March 1989, respectively. Taipei saw the opening of a store in1990, as did Singapore (at the Raffles Hotel), Frankfurt, and Toronto in 199l. Also in l991, the London store was expanded.In l992, Tiffany opened five new boutiques in Japan, and two new boutiques were opened by an independent retailer in Korea. Early 1993 saw keep international growth, with the opening of two more boutiques in Japan, a scrap store in Singapores NgeeAnnCity, two boutiques by independent retai lers in Saipan and the Philippines, and the expansion of the Peninsula Hotel store in Hong Kong. Exhibit 5 shows the growth in the figure of speech of Tiffany stores and boutiques around the world from 31 to 79, implying a 250% increase from 1987 to 1993.These 79 retail locations included l6stores in the United States,56 stores in the Far East,6stores in Europe, and l store in Canada, all of which ranged in size from700 to 13,OOO gross firm feet, with a total of approximately 127,OOO gross square feet devoted to retail purposes. Tiffanys worldwide capital expenditures were $22. 8 million in FY l992. compared with $41. 4 million in FY 1991. These expenditures were primarily for the opening of new stores and boutiques and the expansion of existing stores.Management judge capital expenditures to drop further to $18. O million in FY l993 in the lead rebounding to approximately $25. O million in FY 1994. Management also pass judgment to open four or five new stores per year in the f oreseeable future. To support future expansion plans, and fluctuations in seasonal working capital needs, management planned to rely upon internally generated funds and a $100 million noncollateralized revolving credit facility available at post rates based upon Eurodollar rates, a prime rate, certificate of deposit rates, or money market rates.As in the past, cash dividends were anticipate to be well-kept at a relatively moderate level, which would permit the company to defend a majority of its earnings. Impetus for Change in the Nipponese trading operations While Tiffany found new market potential across the globe, nowhere was let as promising as in Japan, where Tiffanys sales accounted for precisely 1% of the $20 billion Japanese jewelry market. The well-to-do Japanese deliverance of the late l980s and very early 1990s aroused a booming demands for certain types of expensive and glamorous Western goods.Among these were Tiffany products, principally those of the fine jewe lry line marketed toward older women. However, as the Japanese economy finally slowed and Japanese consumers became more cautious in their spending, the demand for Tiffanys luxury items also slumped. In response to soft consumer demand in Japan, Mitsukoshi cut back on Tiffany inventory levels. Mitsukoshis wholesale purchases from Tiffany-Japan declined from 23%of Tiffanys total sales in FY 199l to 15%in FY1992. Declining wholesale shipments were also attended by a small decline in gross security deposit from 49. %in FY1991 t0 48. 7%in FY 1992. Despite lackluster consumer demand in the first half of FY 1993, however, Tiffany continued to believe that Japanese sales had attractive long-run growth potential. It was for this reason that Tiffany sought greater control everywhere its future in Japan and ultimately decided to restructure its Japanese operations. From 1972 through July1993, Mitsukoshi acted as the principal retailer of Tiffany products in Japan, purchasing selected goods from Tiffany-Japan on a wholesale base.Mitsukoshi sold the products on a retail basis to the Japanese consumer, realizing profits in the form of relatively higher retail prices. Since the wholesale transactions were denominated entirely in dollars, fluctuations in the yen/dollar exchange rate did not represent a source of irritability for Tiffanys pass judgment cash flows. Instead, Mitsukoshi bore the risk of any exchange rate fluctuations that took place between the time it purchased the inventory from Tiffany and when it finally made cash settlement.Typically, Tiffany merchandise sold by Mitsukoshi was priced at a substantial amplitude (l00% in some cases) over the domestic U. S. retail price for such merchandise. The new agreement between the two companies, however, fundamentally changed both companies financial situations. In repurchasing the merchandise previously sold by Tiffany to Mitsukoshi, Tiffany-Japan assumed new responsibility for establishing yen retail prices, hol ding inventory in Japan for sale, managing and funding local advertising and publicity chopines, and controlling local Japanese management.Mitsukoshi on the other hand, would no longer be an independent retailer of Tiffany products but would still receive fees disturbing 27% of net retail sales in compensation for providing boutique facilities, sales staff, collection of receivables, and security for store inventory. With greater control over retail sales in its Japanese operations, Tiffany looked forward to long-run improvement in its performance in Japan despite continuing weak local economic conditions. However, increased sales and profits were not the only changes that Tiffany could anticipate as a result of the new agreement.Tiffany now faced the risk of foreign currency fluctuations previously borne by Mitsukoshi. Past history warned Tiffany that the yen/dollar exchange rate could be quite volatile on a year-to-year and even month-10-month, basis. Exhibit 6 illustrates the s ignificant strengthen of the yen against the dollar during the l O years ending in 1993. While a continuation of this strengthening would enhance the dollar value of Tiffanys yen denominated cash inflows, there was the clean-cut possibility that the yen might eventually become overestimated and crash suddenly, just as the U.S dollar in 1985. Indeed,there was some evidence that the yen was overvalue against the dollar in 1993 (see Exhibit 7) Hedging to Manage Foreign central Risk The possibility of sharp, unexpected movements in the yen/dollar exchange rate had prompted Tiffanys management to study the desirability of engaging in a program to manage exchange rate risk. To reduce exchange rate risk on its yen cash flows, Tiffany had two elementary alternatives available to it. One was to enter into forward agreements to sell yen for dollars at a predetermined price in the future.The other was to purchase yen put options. The terms at which Tiffany could purchase forward contracts an d put options, along with other financial market data, are shown in Exhibit 8. in advance committing Tiffany to a hedging program, management wanted to be sure it dumb what the potential risks and rewards were for each of these so-called derivative instruments. Perhaps more importantly, it was inborn to determine whether or not a risk management program was appropriate for Tiffany, what it objectives should be, and how much, if any, exposure should be covered. pic This included a $ 75 million secured revolving credit facility a $10 million, 16% subordinated note cod in 1992 and common stock warrants to purchase approximately 25% of the companys equity on a fully diluted basis. earlier to Mitsukoshis purchase of Tiffanys common stock from GECC, Tiffany and Mitsukoshi entered into an agreement by which Mitsukoshi agreed not purchase in excess of 19. 9% of Tiffanys issued and outstanding common shares. This agreement would expire on September 31, 1994.Due to the significant number of Tiffany boutiques already operating in Japan, future openings there were expected to occur only at very modest rate, if at all, in the near-term future. Tiffanys business was seasonal in nature, with the fourth quarter typically representing a proportionally greater percentage of annual sales, income from operations, and net income. In FY 1992, net sales totaled & 107,238,000, $120,830,000, $105,897,000, and $152,431,000 for the first, second, third, and fourth quarters, respectively. Management expected this pattern to continue in the future.Tiffany management believed that a retail price reduction in Japan of 20% to 25% would likely result in a substantial increase in unit sight of jewelry sales. The repurchase of inventory by Tiffany necessitated the reversal of $115 million in sales and related gross profit previously acknowledge on merchandise sold to Mitsukoshi. Accordingly, Tiffany recorded a gross profit previously recognized $57. 5 million reserve to provide for pr oduct returns. , which reduced the second fiscal quarters (ended July 31, 1993) net income by approximately $32. 7 million, or $2. 7 per share. Of the $115 million of sales being reversed, only $52. 5 million of inventory held in Mitsukoshi boutiques was actually repurchased during the month of July 1993 (Mitsukoshi agreed to accept a deferred payment on $25 million of this repurchased boutique inventory, which was to be repaid in yen on a quarterly basis with interest of 6% per annum over the next 4 1/2 years). Approximately $62. 5 million of Tiffany & Company inventory maintained in Mitsukoshi warehouses would be repurchased throughout the period ending February 28, 1998.Payment for this warehouse inventory was to be made in yen 40 days following actual receipt of the inventory. Fees were reduced to 5% on certain high-value jewelry items repurchased from Mitsukoshi. Tiffany Japan would also pay Mitsukoshi incentive fees equal to 5% of the amount by which boutique sales increas e year-to-year. reckon on a per boutique basis. In Tokyo, Tiffany boutiques could be established only in Mitsukoshis stores, and Tiffany-brand jewelry could be sold only in such boutiques (though Tiffany-Japan reserved the right to open a single flagship store inTokyo). ===============================================================================??? The suggested questions In what way(s) is Tiffany exposed to exchange-rate risk subsequent to its new distribution agreement with Mitsukoshi? How serious are these risks? Should Tiffany actively manage its yen-dollar exchange-rate risk? Why or why not? If Tiffany were to manage exchange-rate risk activity, what should be the objectives of such a program? Specifically, what exposures should be actively managed? How much of these exposures should be covered, and for how long? As instruments for risk management, what are the chief differences of foreign-exchange options and forward or futures contracts? What are the advantages and d isadvantages of each? Which, if either, of these types of instruments would be most appropriate for Tiffany to use if it chose to manage exchange-rate risk? How should Tiffany organize itself to manage its exchange-rate risk? Who should be responsible for executing its hedges? Who should have circumspection responsibility for this activity? What controls should be put in place?

Analysis of Alex Pardee’s Artwork

What is a leper any representation? In the past, it was simply a unhealthiness. When you caught this disease you were isolated. Taken out of society, never to return again. Your life would never be the same again. As time passed this disease obviously died out. without delayadays non many plenty bring on leprosy in its serious form. But we do have leprosy of a different sort. This leprosy is regular(a) worse than the physical illness. It is any(prenominal)thing that gets worse over time and will continue to do so unless we as human beingnesss decide to change our actions.Today, those who ar different are judgment to be lepers. These people should be spurned, shunned. They are unusual, strange we goat non accept what they guess in. Why is this so? Why have we been brainwashed so exhaustively by the media that we dont see that being different is several(prenominal)thing we adult male create in our minds. People are different nevertheless because we check off them t o be that way. They are lepers, only because we get in them so. What is so bad in reality about being a leper? Being different? This two-base hit addresses these questions.We can see that in the image there are two left over(p) looking creatures who are bleeding onto a hand with a yellow(a)s head. This chickens head is dripping in caudex while there is a small bar of soap at its feet. The only thing in colour is the parenthood which signifies that it symbolises something important. And so he bathed in the credit line of the lepers. By this phrase we understand that the creature in the middle is the object which is bathing in the blood. Again, why would anyone command to bathe in the blood of leper? Well why not?In this case the two odd looking creatures would be the lepers. If the lepers in this image represent people who are different, then it could in desire manner mean that these people are so different that they could be cons accrediteded to be a subculture of some s ort. It is understandable to suppose that some subcultures are actually desirable to some people. This obviously depends on the persons personal taste. They may inadequacy to be involved in the subcultures of nerds, jocks, emos, scene kids, goths, etc etc. The leper character may not even be focusing on a peculiar(a) sub culture.They can also represent the chameleons of society, changing themselves to appeal to people. Again, this depends on your perspective. The leper character only represents a chameleon of society if you recognise to believe that it does so to persuade you to join the subculture that it is portraying itself to be. Why would people choose to believe this? Only to feel pass judgment. They may be so rejected that all they want and need is a feeling of belong even if it is found a way which is not entirely truthful or right. Rather, it is an illusion.So do we humans warp what is there to suit our cases and make certain situations more pleasurable to us? Definit ely. This leads us to the importance of the blood in the image. The blood can be viewed as the initiation treat. The blood, which is the only coloured thing in the image symbolises this initiation process. This is the only come apart of the image in colour, because this process is the to the highest degree important part of belong to a group of people or a subculture. Bathing in the blood would be catching the lepers disease, or otherwise, finally being a part of the lepers.The feeling of belonging settles in for the first time. Now that the person is a part of the lepers, can they really think of themselves as lepers? They are now able to understand and empathise with the subculture they have conjugate so would it actually seem so different to them now? No it wouldnt, further underlining the fact that we only label people as being different, of being social lepers, only because we do not understand them. barely if we were a part of what they believe in, i. e. a part of their s ubculture, then we would no longer think they are so different.Only an outsider to this subculture would consider them to be lepers. Again, we humans label that which is not. We have established what it means to be different and why it is important, but what about the bar of soap at the chicken hand creatures feet? What would this symbolise? This symbolises the other perspective of this two sided line of business of acceptance. The soap represents the cure for leprosy. The means to be cleaned from this disease. In the modern demesne this soap bar would represent the views of people who believe that removing yourself from a subculture is the true path to acceptance.However, the the likes ofs of the size of the soap bar, these people are actually few because we all have an innate need to belong to a community, society, club, culture or subculture. In short, we all need to feel like we belong somewhere, no matter how much of an illusion this feeling of belonging is. We desire to be persuaded to believe in something only to feel accepted and wanted by a community. This image drawn by the intellectual Alex Pardee shows us all these innate human desires in a way which persuades us to believe that we do have them. Of course this is achieved by this capable artist by using a great many ocular techniques.First of all the area of the image with the highest salience is the blood because like we established, the blood which represents the initiation process is one of the most important aspects of the process of belonging. The importance of this transition stage is further underlined by the fact that the end of the image is black and white hand sketches making the blood also the area with the highest colour modality. When we look further into the image and analyse the finer details we notice that the background is non-contextualised, in fact, it is completely white.This helps us to not stray from the main message that the image is trying to give. It keeps us cere brate on the cotton up while also giving extra discipline on what might be going on in the image. This schooling is assumption to us in the text written at the top. The foreground in question is the chicken hand with the blood being poured onto it. It is not in fact the text. This is because the image is in the centre and the gushing blood attracts us to the image at hand. This image would also be the focal point again highlighting the important message being given by the image.The perspective that we see the image also gives us a whole new view on the scene. We see the main substance (the chicken hand) in the frontal view. Seeing as the subject is the most important part of the image, it is safe to say that the whole image is viewed in the frontal perspective. However, it is important to note that we see the lepers side on. This suggests to us that we are not part of the lepers, that we are detached from them, that in fact they are different from us. The gaze of the subject is demanding.It is looking straight at the sense of hearing as if it wants to get its message across. Its message that it wants to be involved and included. The lepers on the other hand do not even have eyes. This suggests that they have nothing they want to communicate to people and are unaffected by what people think of them. The image in general is in a low modality because it is already trying to communicate a entangled message. By keeping it in simple sketches, the artist is making it easier for the audition to understand the message.The artist uses all of these visual techniques with one purpose in mind to get the message across. The message that being different is not a negative thing. It is simply a means of feeling like you belong. Being a leper does not mean everything is lost. There will be a deformity, but one ought to bear in mind that they fluent have their God-given potentials in them. It is the duty of society, to give a helping hand, in order for these lepers to e xhibit what they have in them to world. You see, its not them. Its you.